Toenail Fungus vs. Ingrown Toenail: Understanding the Differences

When it comes to foot health, two common conditions often cause confusion due to their similar initial symptoms: toenail fungus and ingrown toenails. While they may both affect the toenails and lead to discomfort, understanding their differences is key to proper treatment and prevention. This article will break down each condition, their causes, symptoms, and effective remedies.

What is Toenail Fungus?

Toenail fungus, medically known as onychomycosis, is a fungal infection that starts under the toenail. It is often caused by dermatophytes, a type of fungus that thrives in warm, moist environments. Athlete’s foot, locker rooms, and shared showers are common sources of exposure.

Common Symptoms of Toenail Fungus:

• Yellow or white discoloration of the toenail
• Nail thickening and brittleness
• Crumbling edges or distortion in nail shape
• A foul odor in severe cases

Causes and Risk Factors:

• Exposure to damp environments (e.g., public showers)
• Tight, non-breathable footwear
• Weakened immune system
• Diabetes and circulatory issues

What is an Ingrown Toenail?

An ingrown toenail occurs when the side of the toenail penetrates into the surrounding skin, leading to pain, swelling, and potential infection. This condition often affects the big toe but can occur on any toenail. Poor nail-cutting practices, wearing shoes that crowd the toes, or trauma to the toe can contribute to the development of ingrown toenails.

Common Symptoms of an Ingrown Toenail:

• Pain and tenderness along the side of the nail
• Redness and swelling around the affected area
• Possible infection with pus in advanced cases

Causes and Risk Factors:

• Cutting nails too short or not straight across
• Shoes that put pressure on the toes
• Repeated toe injuries or trauma
• Genetic predisposition to curved toenails

Key Differences Between Toenail Fungus and Ingrown Toenails

Location of the Issue:

• Toenail fungus affects the nail itself, altering its color, texture, and thickness.
• Ingrown toenails impact the surrounding skin, leading to painful tissue inflammation.

Appearance:

• Fungal infections often result in discolored, thickened nails.
• Ingrown toenails present with swelling and redness along the side of the nail.

Pain Level:

• Toenail fungus usually causes minimal pain unless it becomes severe.
• Ingrown toenails can be immediately painful and worsen as the nail presses deeper into the skin.

Treatment Options

Treating Toenail Fungus:

• Topical Antifungals: Over-the-counter or prescription creams and lacquers.
• Oral Medications: For more persistent cases, oral antifungal drugs may be necessary.
• Laser Therapy: Targets and eradicates the fungal infection without damaging the nail.
• Proper Foot Hygiene: Keeping feet dry and clean helps prevent the spread and recurrence.

Treating Ingrown Toenails:

• Cold Water Soaks: Soaking the foot in cold, soapy water can reduce swelling and discomfort.
• Antibiotic Cream: To prevent infection and allow drainage, use a cream and not an ointment. This will help prevent additional pain and swelling. 
• Professional Care: A podiatrist at 26 Foot and Ankle can perform minor surgery to remove part of the nail if the condition is severe or recurring.

Prevention Tips

Preventing Toenail Fungus:

• Wear breathable shoes and moisture-wicking socks.
• Avoid walking barefoot in communal areas.
• Trim nails regularly and keep them clean
• File the nails thin from top to bottom to help reduce the chance of nail thickness from developing.

Preventing Ingrown Toenails:

• Cut nails straight across and avoid rounding the edges; do not dig into the corners of the toenail.
• Wear shoes with a wide toe box.
• Protect feet from trauma and avoid repetitive pressure.

Although toenail fungus and ingrown toenails may appear similar at first glance, they are distinct conditions that require different approaches for treatment and prevention. By understanding the causes and symptoms of each, you can better protect your foot health and seek appropriate treatment when needed. If you suspect a severe or persistent problem, consulting a healthcare professional is always the best course of action.